Social Development free essay sample

Social Development Social affiliation appears to be a central human need. Taking a developmental perspective, we discuss whether and how the desire to belong (approach motivation) and the fear of being rejected (avoidance motivation) might be of central importance for understanding success or failure in transitional phases, especially in the transition from adolescence into adulthood. Cognitive, emotional, and behavioral consequences of social motives (approach, avoidance, and their co-occurrence) are reviewed.We argue that both tendencies need to be taken into account for understanding affiliation motivation and behavior and its significance for life satisfaction and well-being. A predominant social approach motivation has positive consequences for cognition, behavior, emotion, and well-being, whereas the opposite pattern holds for a predominant avoidance motivation. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Development or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Co-occurrence of both is characterized by ambivalent cognitions and emotions, and unstable behavior. Taking a developmental perspective, however, and considering social development in the transition to adulthood, co-occurrence might be more beneficial than a predominant avoidance motivation. The reason I chose this article was because it stated a lot about social development and how important it is in every humans life. Social development is a better term that describes actions that are taken to build positive outcomes and prevent negative social outcomes that can adversely affect a community.This article explains how taking the desire to belong and the fear of being rejected might be very important when understanding the need to succeed or fail in transitional phases, the most important transition being from adolescence to adulthood. Adolescence would be best defined as the life stage between childhood and adulthood. Socially an adolescent has spends years communicating with parents, peers, and teachers. Eventually the social development grows and takes a different turn as they get into relationships and become intimate. I also chose this article because it explains the consequences of social motives which are cognitive, emotional, and behavioral. It explains the importance and how those three motives are significant for life satisfaction and well being. If I had to write a research paper on this topic I would not use this specific article in my paper. Reason being is because I dont feel as though it consisted of enough information. When it comes to the issues with social development in adulthood this article gave some information, but not enough to where it actually lets the reader truly understand how the issues can affect human development.I would want the reader to be able to know what majority of the issues are instead of just talking about social development and how important it may be in someones live. There are many issues that have a Loy to do with social development. If someone isnt aware of those issues then it can definitely affect them in a way that will not benefit them in the future. We as humans have to know the good and bad benefits of social development and I dont think this article explained it enough for anyone to realize that the good and bad benefits are.

A Countrys Tourniquet

A Countrys Tourniquet Free Online Research Papers Many countries have previously invested or are still investing in a Communist government and economy. Communism is defined as â€Å"A theoretical economic system characterized by the collective ownership of property and by the organization of labor for the common advantage of all members.† If a country decides to go on the path of Communism, it is a dark and dank road that can lead to turmoil, famine, and poverty. Human nature causes those in control to become power hungry, which is destructive to the country’s society. It is easy to fall into the trap of thinking that your country will be different, but that is often only the first mistake on a downward spiral of poor decisions made by the leaders of the country as well as those inhabiting it. Many often ask the question, â€Å"Well why didn’t the people just overthrow the government?†, but what they don’t realize is that when an entire country has been oppressed in that manner, it’s nearly impossible to recover without help from a good leader in your governmental system or outside forces. Capitalism, on the other hand, is much more liberal, although it is far from perfect as well. It is defined as â€Å"An economic system based on a free market, open competition, profit motive and private ownership of the means of production†. First, Communism squashes any form of religious freedom, whereas Capitalism allows any religion to be practiced freely. The state is not separate from the church; therefore, most Communist countries have a majority of Buddhist or Atheist people. This can lead to the downfall of any country, being that it rids them of any moral ethics or sense of right and wrong and it completely and utterly depletes any fairness the country may still pertain as well as dismantles the justice system. This lack of standard and belief is never helpful to anything or anyone, particularly an entire country. Second, although Communism is supposedly meant to ‘better the economy’, it actually weakens it. If everyone and every business make the same profit, they have no motivation or competition whatsoever. Due to the ways of human nature, this leads to low quality goods, laziness, and poor work ethics. People see that there is no reason to produce quality work, and so they do not. Capitalism encourages people to do well and compete against other businesses to be the top seller of their products. Also, Communism can be very depressing to the people of the country. It is often presented as â€Å"Socialism† or a â€Å"Republic of the People†, but it is really a cruel and harsh dictatorship. Rulers believe in using violence and invoking their military forces in order to squash revolts or simply to discipline even minor offences against the government. There is no freedom of speech, press or right to assemble. It takes away any free thinking and all anti-government thoughts must be kept to oneself or they may even lose their life for it. For instance, in 1989 students gathered in Tiananmen Square to protest and the government sent in tanks to crush their spirits-and many of their bodies. An estimated 3,000 were killed. So even though Communism may look good in theory, when presented as a perfect and equal society, all aspects of it have led to the destruction of countries that have experienced it, or at least the unhappiness of the people, such as in China’s case. The country’s economy will plummet, all religion will be destroyed, and the people will become depressed. Research Papers on A Country's TourniquetAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeQuebec and CanadaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NicePETSTEL analysis of IndiaDefinition of Export QuotasAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 219 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraCapital PunishmentComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito

Strategic Alliances Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Strategic Alliances - Essay Example Risk taking is ubiquitous feature among the organizational managers these days. Strategic alliance is a kind of concept in which risk is an integral factor while developing such decisions. Strategic Alliance is an â€Å"an agreement between firms to do business together in ways that go beyond normal company–to–company dealings , but fall short of a merger or a full partnership† (Khurana & Singhal 2010). Any business decision involves planning and there is always a threat of failure of the plan. The move taken even after knowing the risks and evaluating their effects can be termed as risk. Similarly, strategic alliance is a kind of business decision which would involve amalgamation with outside companies not on a full partnership basis but a little different from daily intercompany dealings (Das & Teng, 1999). There may be a number of situations at risk as a result of the strategic alliance between two companies. The performance of the partner company, cooperation among the companies and the opportunistic approach of the companies involved among others could be the probable circumstances rendering risk to the decision in practice (Alders, Van Liere, Berendsen, & Pieters 2010). However, largely the risk situations can be categorized into four categories namely; the contextual risk, the transactional risk, the relational risk, and the performance risk. The contextual risk involves the risk influenced by the market scenario like meeting of the demand in the market, the competition faced by the company and also the technological and the regulatory influences. Thus, this can be also referred to as the external risk (Alders, Van Liere, Berendsen, & Pieters 2010). The transactional risk involves the importance of cooperation between the partners involved in the alliance. A proper cooperation and sharing of mutual trust can pay off to minimize risk to a great extent. Therefore, this may be referred as internal risk (Alders, Van Liere, Berendsen, & Pieters

Industrial Corn Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Industrial Corn - Essay Example Although the massive production of industrial corn has revolutionized the food industry, it has also been associated with several problems. The availability of cheap industrial corn has made it to be used as a diet for animals and this has made it possible to gather many animals and feed them on corn. This has led to the availability of cheap meat and more families can now afford meat. Pollan (2006) explains that when fed to livestock, they fatten quickly, get more energy and their flesh marbles well giving it a good texture and taste. It has also helped to sustain the prices of corn as the grain gets more utility as a stable food in many countries. Despite the above-mentioned benefits of industrial corn, we cannot ignore the dangers it poses to man and livestock. First, it is important to note that the cow, an animal created to forage, has now been turned into one of the biggest disposers of corn. It is next to man in this. This un-natural change in diet has led to increased health problems among livestock. The most serious among these is bloat. This occurs because of less roughage and more starch in a ruminant’s stomach. In serious cases, the inflated rumen presses against the animal’s lungs causing suffocation. Another animal health problem is acidosis. This occurs because corn makes the stomach acidic and yet the stomach environment is normally neutral in PH. The use of grains has also encouraged the use of antibiotics on animals and this is a health risk both for the animals and mankind. Even though we may celebrate the increased availability and affordability of meat, there are problems associated with the use of cheap meat. According to Pollan (2006), cheap corn-fed meat contains less omega-3 fatty acids and more saturated fat than grass-fed meat. As a result, more problems related with the eating of feed are associated with corn-fed beef. Increased use of corn feeding to livestock through the Concentrated Animal

Global perspectives assessment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Global perspectives assessment - Research Paper Example This means that the US criminal justice system including its law enforcement could go beyond the boundary of the state as the crime itself could be created beyond boundaries, but could still have substantial threats on the part of the nation. At this point, the US could remarkably play the role of a global police, trying to maintain peace and order situation of the whole world just as to ensure stability of peace in its state. This is a significant and probable response to the growing international dimensions of crime. Criminals might be staying out of the US state, but still could inflict potential threats due to the spreading wide coverage of their scope, connections and evolving organizational control. In response to this, the US state should also therefore expand the exposure of its criminal justice system throughout the world. Let us add to the problem when technological influences on global criminality enter the scene. The advancement of technology at the other part of it does not only bring comfort, but trouble at the same time if used at the criminals’ vantage point of view. Concerning this, the US criminal justice system needs to make its effort twice as much, double its time and never delay in order to keep its pace even more than the level of the criminals. Added to the issue is the diversified US culture, leading to the point that the US criminal justice system requires international cooperation so as to ward off probable threats on America’s borders and of other relevant crimes. The heterogeneous culture in the US though it may provide certain advantages, but at the other side of it, the bottom line is that there are other probable problems tied up with it. For example, the diverse culture creates a portal making it easy for bigger syndicates to easily move in and out of the US federal state. They became too familiar with the US culture, but on the other side, the US still needs to learn more about varying culture. This signifies the need to learn more about the existing different cultures on the part of the US, be familiar with them too and use this for its competitive advantage. That is why it requires constant international cooperation to solve existing crimes and even those new cases as upshots of varying changes not only brought by technology and different cultures, but the globalization in general. For this reason, the US is strongly advancing to create an effort to solve crimes and as much as possible hinder possible great impacts they could bring to the entire state. Compare and contrast international criminal justice systems Socialist law traditions are used by the states that are communists and are formerly communists. They employed the Marxist-Leninist ideology (Joerges & Ghaleigh, 2003). Another branch of law is civil law which deals with legal disputes among individuals or organizations and those who win the case may be able to receive compensation (Dunham, 2008). The common law on the other hand is a case-based reasoning law, evaluating the case and then applying what laws might probably apply to it (Holmes, 2005). Embodied in the Islamic law are the religious duties employing Allah’s commands (Standke, 2008). As noticed, these international criminal justice systems have varying foundations and beliefs as their means to ultimately come up with the right and appropriate decisions. While socialist law is

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Introduction Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are made of two or more fused aromatic rings, where PAHs with two or three rings have low molecular weight and acute toxicity whereas PAHs with high molecular weight (4 or more rings) have shown high carcinogenic potential. These compounds are often products of incomplete combustion reactions where there is a lack of oxygen, there are two types of PAH; natural and anthropogenic which can be found in many different kinds of samples . However, the ratio of natural processes to anthropogenic processes is very low. PAHs can form due to a variety of anthropogenic sources the main one is believed to be atmospheric decomposition, other sources include thermal combustion processes, vehicular emissions and biomass burning [3]. PAHs caused from incomplete combustion reactions reach the sea via the atmosphere and rivers . Due to the causes listed above the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other agencies formed regulations for the detection and monitoring of PAHs in the human environment, with new analytical methods being produced with better sensitivity and selectivity . Overall the EPA has selected sixteen PAHs as priority pollutants [4]. To verify different PAHs in seawater is difficult as the overall solubility of PAHs in water is low, and continues to decrease as molecular weight increases, the low solubility in turn effects the hydrophobic nature (between 3 and 8) and therefore the concentration of PAHs dissolved in seawater is very low . There are a variety of methods used to analyse the PAHs in seawater and other types of water. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is the most widely used analytical technique in analysing PAHs in seawater samples; in this document HPLC will be discussed along with other analytical methods such as Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). This document focuses on data and results from the following papers: â€Å"Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in seawater by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection following micelle-mediated preconcentration† V. Pino et al. â€Å"Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water and Sediment of the Baltic Sea† â€Å"GC-MS Analysis of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Seawater Samples after the North CapeOil Spill† Christopher M. Reddy and James G. Quinn Each paper will be individually introduced and the sample preparation, analytical method and any results significant to the separation will be discussed. The methods will then be compared, giving the advantages and disadvantages of each technique. â€Å"Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in seawater by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection following micelle-mediated preconcentration† V. Pino et al. This paper looked at how non-ionic surfactant polyoxyethylene-10-lauryl ether (POLE) can be used for extraction of PAHs in seawater and compared cloud-point extraction (CPE)-HPLC and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE)-GC-MS. Sample Preparation The sample was prepared by shaking fuel-oil with natural seawater for one hour, and then allowed to settle and age overnight, until phase separation. The aqueous layer was removed and mixed with POLE until a final solution of 1% (w/v) was reached in the surfactant. Following this 3.0 ml of aliquots in the presence of the 1% surfactant solution dissolved in artificial seawater were administered to CPE. In order to test the reliability of the method used for preconcentration and separation of PAHs, the PAHs were analysed from spiked and un-spiked seawater samples. The method was evaluated by using LLE and GC-MS, overall determination was processed using the mass values which related to the molecular ions of the different PAHs . Analysis Once the two phases had been separated, 25 ÃŽ ¼l of the surfactant-rich phase was injected into the system. The HPLC method used in this instance to determine and separate the PAHs consisted of gradient elution with a fluorescence detector. The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and water with a linear gradient from 55 to 100% acetonitrile for 30 minutes and 100% acetonitrile for 10 minutes. The column used for the analysis was a reversed phase C18 column (Table 1) with a ÃŽ ¼Bondapak C18 guard column. Table 1: Vydac 201TP54 Reversed Phase C18Column Column length x internal diameter / mm 250 x 4.6 Particle size / ÃŽ ¼m 5 Pore size / Ã… 300 A flow rate of 1 ml / minute was used to elute the compounds. Results Each PAH gave an acceptable retention time with a relative standard deviation between 0.64 and 0.83%. The seawater contaminated with fuel-oil were analysed by both CPE-HPLC and LLE-GC-MS (Table 3). As can be seen the PAHs with fewer aromatic rings have similar results with both techniques where as the PAHs with more aromatic rings are different this could be due to the lower sensitivity in GC-MS. â€Å"Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water and Sediment of the Baltic Sea† G.Witt During the years 1992 to 1994, 15 PAHs were analysed in seawater from the Baltic Sea during the different seasons. The method used is based on HPLC with fluorescence detection. Sample Preparation 156 seawater samples were collected from various depths, surface water (2-15m), bottom water (below the halocline) and surface micro layer (0-0.2 cm). The PAHs from the samples were separated and extracted via a HPLC column; three fractions were obtained using 9 ml pentane, 9 ml pentane/10% dichloromethane and 9 ml acetone as the eluents. The PAHs were contained into the second fraction and was evaporated down to 500 ÃŽ ¼l. Analysis The HPLC column used to separate the sample in to fractions was a MERCK LiChrospher Si 100-5 (Table 4) Table 4: MERCK LiChrospher Si 100-5 Column length x internal diameter / mm 250 x 4 Particle size / ÃŽ ¼l 5 Pore diameter / Ã… 60 Matrix Silica gel The column used in the analysis of the PAHs was a GROM PAH using gradient elution (Table 5). Table 5: GROM PAH Column length x internal diameter / mm 250 x 4 Eluents A) Water B) CAN Flow rate / ml min-1 1 Temperature /  °C 20 A fluorescence detector was used, along with a wavelength programme for optimal detection of all PAHs (Table 6). From the 16 PAHs listed as priority pollutants, acenaphthylene was the only one not detected as it does not show fluorescence activity. Results It was seen that there were a greater amount of lower molecular weight PAHs varying in concentration from 1 to 4.5 ng/L-1 in relation to higher molecular weight PAHs which remained below ng/L-1. The concentration of PAHs in different seasons was also compared, it was seen that autumn had the highest concentration this maybe because of low microbial degradation and photo-oxidation during the season; and summer had the lowest. During the winter months, the temperature of seawater is low which inhibits the microbial degradation of the PAHs. In spring the plankton are in abundance and thus cause a large amount of loose matter to be produced which may transfer the PAHs to the sea floor. This was mostly true for two/three ring PAHs, four to six rings however have a higher persistence to microbial degradation. The amount of PAHs in the surface micro layer was 2-13 times higher than that of the water below; this can be due to the atmospheric input . â€Å"GC-MS Analysis of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Seawater Samples after the North CapeOil Spill† Christopher M. Reddy and James G. Quinn [6] GC-MS was used to measure PAHs in seawater samples after the North Cape oil spill. Sample Preparation The samples were spiked with internal standards which consisted of the following: 10 to 25 ÃŽ ¼g docosane and 2 ÃŽ ¼g each of naphthalene-d8, biphenyl-d10, acenaphthene-d10, anthracene-d10 and perylene-d12. After the samples were spiked they were shaken and extracted once with 100 ml methylene chloride and twice more with 100 ml of hexane. The organic extracts were then combined and rotary-evaporated to 1 ml while being solvent-exchanged into hexane. Following this the hexane extract was chromatographed and the first fraction (obtained by eluting with 20 ml of a 70/30 mixture of hexane/methylene chloride) containing the aromatic hydrocarbons was rotary-evaporated to a small volume (100 ÃŽ ¼l) and spiked with an external recovery standard (1.2 ÃŽ ¼g o-terphenyl in isooctane), and injected into the GC-MS detector. Analysis The PAHs were first extracted with methylene chloride and hexane and then fractionated via HPLC using silica gel. The analysis was done using a Hewlett-Packard 5890 Series II GC with a Hewlett-Packard 5971 mass selective detector. After the sample was injected, the compounds were separated using a 30m JW Scientific DB-XLB fused silica-capillary column (Table 7). Table 7:JW Scientific DB-XLB fused silica-capillary column Column length x internal diameter / mm 30,000 x 0.25 Film thickness / ÃŽ ¼m 0.25 Temperature limit /  °C 340-360 According to the website [7] this column has low polarity and is excellent for PAHs. The oven was set at 70 °C for 1.5 minutes, then ramped to 320 °C at 10 °C per minute, and then held for a further 10 minutes. The detector was run in selected-ion monitoring (SIM) mode for ions that have an m/z of 50 to 550, PAHs usually range between 128 and 234 m/z. Results A total of 54 seawater samples were collected and analysed were collected between day 4 and day 132 after the North Cape oil spill, results from a week after the oil spill showed that there were high concentration of PAHs, with the total sum coming too 115 ÃŽ ¼g L-1, these are some of the highest values for a marine oil spill. The relative percentage deviations for duplicate samples for total PAHs came to The use of other GC detectors such as GC flame ionisation detector which is widely used may not be suitable for the detection of PAHs as often lower limits of detection are needed, which is why GC-MS would be used. Comparison of analytical methods The most popular technique for the separation and determination of PAHs is HPLC however; a disadvantage of this is that gradient elution must be used opposed to isocratic elution due to the samples complexity. Other factors include that HPLC is expensive, and that it requires large amounts of solvent especially when gradient elution is used. The paper by V. Pino et al. and the paper by G. Witt both used HPLC reversed phase column with a fluorescence detector, however Pino et al. used a surfactant with a low retention time (POLE) which allowed for the determination of PAHs which were more polar. In Figure 2 the compounds eluted between ~7 and 40 minutes using the above method; whereas the method used by Witt produced a chromatogram (Figure 3) which shows the products eluted between ~7 and 23 minutes. The difference in retention times shows that the method used by Witt was more useful. However, the samples of seawater used for analysis by each paper were from different sources, Pino et al. does not state where the seawater samples were taken, while Witt took the sample from the Baltic Sea. Pino et al. only extracted 14 PAHs but Witt extracted all 16 PAHs listed by the EPA. From the data listed in Tables 2 and 6 it can be seen that there are comparable results such as Phenanthrene which eluted in 13.9 minutes for Pino et al. and 12.2 minutes for Witt, the emission wavelengths measured were identical at 370 nm and that the excitation wavelength only differed by 2 nm between Pino (248 nm) and Witt (246 nm). Overall, the HPLC methods used by both papers shows that it is a reliable method for determining PAHs in seawater, a fluorescence detector was used as the filters select the excitation and emission wavelengths and it reduces the complexity of the chromatogram which provides orthogonal information. Even though HPLC seems the most popular technique GC-MS is being used to analyse the PAHs after they have been separated by HPLC. This change could be because GC is faster than HPLC and that with a mass spectrometer (MS) detector it is possible to combine detection, quantification and identification. GC-MS is especially good for complex mixtures such as seawater where several analytes have similar retention times.

What is One Worth? Essay -- Psychology

What Is One Worth? In the depths of a person’s heart, lies his or her self-worth. Self-worth molds individuals into who they are, what they want to become. Self-worth lies at the heart of self-esteem. Self-esteem is Palladino (1994) a combination of â€Å"self-confidence, self-worth, and self-respect. It involves respecting others, [along with] feeling a sense of harmony and peace within yourself† (p.1). The key to higher self-esteem is the incentive to take responsibility for one’s viewpoints, and to understand that this is what makes them who they are (Palladino, 1994). However, the mission of higher self-esteem at times will cause sacrifices to be made by the person to education, relationships, self-regulation, mental and physical health, as well as other concerns (Crocker & Knight, 2005). If a person wants to better themselves, and create higher self-esteem, he or she must do so cautiously, or there will be repercussions. Palladino (1994) noted â€Å"self-esteem reflects [each individual] to everyone whom [they] come into contact (p.1). Self-esteem does not stay the same throughout a person’s life. There are many factors that come and go that cause self-esteem to fluctuate. As stated by Palladino, (1994) â€Å"self-esteem is both conscious and unconscious. Self-esteem is an ongoing assessment of whom a person is, an opinion about what he or she can and cannot do† (p. 1). For example, when a person buys a house, self-esteem will be high. If a person loses his or her house due to foreclosure, self-esteem can be low. Sometimes a person cannot help the value they put on their self-esteem. If a person loses their job, and it is not their fault, and other bad events follow, that is factors beyond the person control that affec... ...e. Individuals can choose to accept responsibility in his or her life. By accepting responsibility, they can produce better alternatives for themselves. References Crocker, Jennifer & Knight, Katherine M. (2005). Contingencies of Self Worth. Current Directions in Psychological Science (Wiley-Blackwell). Vol. 14 (Issue 4), pages 4, 200-203. McLeod, S.A. (2007). Simply Psychology; Carl Rogers. Retrieved April 26, 2012 from http://www.simplypsychology.org/carl-rogers.html Palladino, Connie D. (1994). Developing Self Esteem: A Guide for Positive Success. Menlo Park, California: Crisp Publications. Vohs, Kathleen D (Editor); Finkel, Eli J. (2006). Self and Relationships: Connecting Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Processes. New York, NY, USA: Guilford Press. Retrieved from: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/apus/Doc?id=10172290&ppg=48 What is One Worth? Essay -- Psychology What Is One Worth? In the depths of a person’s heart, lies his or her self-worth. Self-worth molds individuals into who they are, what they want to become. Self-worth lies at the heart of self-esteem. Self-esteem is Palladino (1994) a combination of â€Å"self-confidence, self-worth, and self-respect. It involves respecting others, [along with] feeling a sense of harmony and peace within yourself† (p.1). The key to higher self-esteem is the incentive to take responsibility for one’s viewpoints, and to understand that this is what makes them who they are (Palladino, 1994). However, the mission of higher self-esteem at times will cause sacrifices to be made by the person to education, relationships, self-regulation, mental and physical health, as well as other concerns (Crocker & Knight, 2005). If a person wants to better themselves, and create higher self-esteem, he or she must do so cautiously, or there will be repercussions. Palladino (1994) noted â€Å"self-esteem reflects [each individual] to everyone whom [they] come into contact (p.1). Self-esteem does not stay the same throughout a person’s life. There are many factors that come and go that cause self-esteem to fluctuate. As stated by Palladino, (1994) â€Å"self-esteem is both conscious and unconscious. Self-esteem is an ongoing assessment of whom a person is, an opinion about what he or she can and cannot do† (p. 1). For example, when a person buys a house, self-esteem will be high. If a person loses his or her house due to foreclosure, self-esteem can be low. Sometimes a person cannot help the value they put on their self-esteem. If a person loses their job, and it is not their fault, and other bad events follow, that is factors beyond the person control that affec... ...e. Individuals can choose to accept responsibility in his or her life. By accepting responsibility, they can produce better alternatives for themselves. References Crocker, Jennifer & Knight, Katherine M. (2005). Contingencies of Self Worth. Current Directions in Psychological Science (Wiley-Blackwell). Vol. 14 (Issue 4), pages 4, 200-203. McLeod, S.A. (2007). Simply Psychology; Carl Rogers. Retrieved April 26, 2012 from http://www.simplypsychology.org/carl-rogers.html Palladino, Connie D. (1994). Developing Self Esteem: A Guide for Positive Success. Menlo Park, California: Crisp Publications. Vohs, Kathleen D (Editor); Finkel, Eli J. (2006). Self and Relationships: Connecting Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Processes. New York, NY, USA: Guilford Press. Retrieved from: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/apus/Doc?id=10172290&ppg=48

Native American Vision Quest Essay

Vision Quest: A vision quest is a rite of passage in Native American cultures and more specifically the Oji-Cree. It was undertaken by a person when they reached puberty. The vision quest comprised of going to the wild for about ten days to fast. This took place either at the top of a hill or if need be a platform built in a tree. During the vision it is expected that at least one or more spirits would take pity on the individual and become his or her protector in the ordeal as well as a source of spiritual power for life. The carrying out of the vision quest was normally for males only in some Native American cultures; however for the Oji-Cree both males and females participated in this quest. During the vision fast power could be obtained and subsequently enhanced by fasting. During the course of the vision quest an individual would also receive his or her secret name from their spirit protector. The vision quest constituted for half of the spiritual rituals the Oji-Cree would undertake the other half being the shaking tent ceremony. The historical significance of this ritual was it was undertaken by individuals to provide power for themselves. Power was important as the Oji-Cree believed that power was inherent in every living thing and object, thus making it a important part of their way of life. Torah: The torah or also known as the law are the first five books of the Bible. It contains the essence of Judaism as well as ethical teachings and basic guidance. The Torah also contains the Ten Commandments which were given to the Hebrews by the Prophet Moses. The books that make up the Torah are Genesis (creation), Exodus (departure), Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. Although sometimes it may contain The Prophets and usually the Psalms and other writings however some Hebrew scholars omit the Psalms and other writings. In the Christian faith the Torah is known as the Old Testament. The Torah provides modern day Jews with a explanation of what occurred in the time of the biblical Hebrews, events such as the conquest of Canaan and the exploration into the promised land are written in the Torah. The Torah is an integral part of the Jewish faith and is a corner stone in the teaching and spreading of the Jewish faith. Complimentary religious texts include the Mishnah and Talmud. In addition to providing the Jewish faith with guidelines and commandments the Torah also allowed for the academic interpretation of Hebrew teachings. These studies and interpretations were carried out by men called Rabbis which means teacher or my master. The Torah had increased significance during the Greek occupation of Judah as it became the foundation for the law of Judah in an attempt to preserve Jewish religion. The Torah also saw translation by the hands of the Greeks later on as the Greeks were fascinated by Judaism. This translation was named the Septuagint (in Greek it was Septuaginta) which meant seventy, seventy being the number of translators needed. Qur’an: The Qur’an is the central religious text of the Muslim faith. Islamic adherents believe that the Qur’an is the verbatim word of God. It`s origins start when the Prophet of the Muslim faith Mohammed was approached by the angel Gabriel during the month of Ramadan on Mount Hira. This was a repeat experience as it happened in later points in his life. In light of the fact that he was illiterate, he recited the teachings he had heard from Gabriel and by extension God to his followers who wrote them down. Similar to the Torah and the Bible the Qur’an was a written copy of oral tradition. However while the Torah and the Bible had multiple authors, Mohammed was the sole individual who dictated the Qur’an. In Arabic the word Qur’an means reading or recitation and it is generally believed that the Qur’an was to be the final message of God to humanity, making Mohammed merely the vessel from which this was sent. The Qur’an is tremendously significant to Muslims as in their eyes it is more than just a Holy Book, they see it as divine thought in written form consisting of the very mind and essence of God being communicated through Mohammed to humanity. It is a similar concept to the Christian concept of Logos, which is the Word of God being incarnate in Jesus Christ. The Muslim equivalent of Logos would be the Qur’an. Like the Christian`s Bible and the Hebrews Torah the Qur’an provides the framework of the Muslim faith as well is integral to the carrying out of the religions tenants. The Qur’an has influenced many events across history and can be considered the finest piece of literature in the Arabic Language. Sunni: Sunni is one of the sects of Islam, the other being Shi’a . Sunni is also the majority sect in Islam. The origins of the Sunni sect are intertwined with the Shi’as’ in an event known as the Shi’sm. The origins of Shi’sm derive from the cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet Mohammed named Ali. Most historians believed that Ali was the first male to embrace the Prophet’s message of Islam. His adherents also believed that he was he rightful successor of the Prophet and that he had been chosen by the prophet as the political and spiritual leader of Islam. The Sunnis were the faction who did not believe that the Prophet had selected Ali to succeed him. This clash of beliefs caused a schism with Islam and saw the creation of Sunnis and Shi’ites. While this schism was centuries ago it has significant implications in the modern day setting especially in the Middle east. In Iraq a part of the current warfare which is occurring is between the two groups. While Sunnis are a majority in most of the Muslim world, Iraq is predominantly Shi’a. The President of Iraq Saddam Hussein belonged to the Sunni faction and represented the minority rule over the majority in the country. While the Sunni faction differs from the Shi’a on terms of succession and other doctrine both groups agree that Allah is one and Mohammed is his last prophet. Regarding Islam, Sunni is often referred as the orthodox version of the religion. Bhagavad Gita: The Bhagavad Gita is a 700 hundred verse Hindu scripture. It is a veda or a old sacred book of Hinduism. The Bhagavad Gita is an epic poem describing classical Hinduism and was composed approximately near the end of the pre-classical age and beginning of the classical age of Hinduism. Its writing form is as a narrative of a great battle and is a section of a larger work known as Mahabharata, which was created much earlier in time. The premise of the Bhagavad Gita is :Prior to the battle a great warrior, Ajuna hesitates to fight. His charioteer, Krishna teaches him that it is his purpose and destiny to fight. Ajuna’s charioteer turns out to be an incarnation of the god Vishnu or in Hindu culture an avatar. The Bhagavad Gita is a compilation of centuries of developing worship, mediation and thought. The text consists of developed concepts of classical Hinduism touching on several points such as the gods Vishnu and Shiva and the concepts of karma, dharma, reincarnation and cases. The dimensions of the Bhagavad Gita are 18 chapters and 700 verses found in the Mahabharata. The Bhagavad Gita was spiritually important as it served as a source of spiritual knowledge as well as serves to reveal the purpose and goal of human existence. Master K’ung: Master K’ung or more commonly known as Confucius is one of the most important Chinese philosophers. He is traditionally hailed as the father of philosophical school of Confucianism. In addition to his capacity as a philosopher Master K’ung was also traditionally known as a was a thinker, political figure and educator. Master k’ung was said to have lived from 551-479 B.  C, his teachings were transferred orally by his students, emphasizing a way of life called ren. Ren was defined as right living and was achieved through li or ethical propriety, good manners and traditional ritualistic practices. According to his teachings family was seen as the central vehicle to cultivate these attributes. Master K’ung’s thoughts became available in a book known as the Analects. Master K’ung’s journey consisted of him leaving his life behind and wandering with a band of disciples until he found internal peace. While claims are unlikely, Master K’ung is attributed with works known as the Five Classics. These classics consist of the Shu Ching or Classic of History (writings and speeches from ancient Chinese rulers), the Shih Ching or Classic of Poetry (300 poems and songs), the I Ching or Classic of Changes (the description of a divinatory system), the Ch’un Ch’iu or Spring and Autumn Annal (a history of the state of Lu from 722 to 484 BC) and the Li Ching or Classic of Rites (a group of three books on the Li the rites of propriety. In addition there was also a now lost sixth book called the Yueh Ching or Classic of Music. Maste K’ung had a tremendous legacy which effected the world, as millions around the world would apply his wisdom and thoughts even in this day and age.

Marketing and Hypermarkets Elf Urban

What is the perceptual map for the gas station companies in France (Elan, Elf, Total, and the hypermarkets)? What would be the two dimensions you would use to best describe the portfolio of brands that Total Group has in its market? Convenience Total-Bonjour Convenience Total-Bonjour Rural Elan Rural Elan Price Hypermarkets Elf Price Hypermarkets Elf Urban Hypermarkets Elf Urban Hypermarkets Elf I would use Convenience and price to describe the portfolio of brands. 2. Based on the perceptual map, propose a set of marketing actions, beyond those that have been mentioned, that should be used by Total brand.Use the 4Ps framework to propose these actions and link each action to the CVF framework. I would definitely sell cosmetics such as toothbrush, deodorant, toothpaste, soap, Lotion; In addition to phone cards; Moreover I would add a first aid section where customers could find temporary relieve from any minor physical discomfort. They link to the consumption process of the customer in the situational influences of the CVF. Consequently, Total could expand the partnership distribution with Elan and Elf considering how great they are doing with the French grocery retailer and bonjour.It would be great cost benefit with the consumption process of the CVF. 3. What are the things that may build utilitarian and hedonic value when customers go for a gas station? Describe how an Elf store might increase value in customers’ shopping experience. Things that may build utilitarian value are buying food to consume, getting gas, a car wash, putting air on tire, getting the car fixed. Things that may build hedonic value are price of gasoline or products, quality of the products, and having a reason to compare a preference for a personal brand immediately after purchase.Elf store may increase customer value by providing low prices compare to the other gas stations, accessibility and convenience is also a big factor, and making sure that each customer get a pleasant exper ience. 4. What are the marketing segments that each store is trying to cover? What are the fundamental benefits that consumers in each of those segments are seeking when choosing a gas station? Do you think Total Group has done a good job identifying market segments and appealing to these segments? Are some segments left unserved by Total? Elan covers the rural market segment where competition is less dense, which customers seek.Elf covers the price-sensitive segment, a suburban market in addition to hypermarkets where customers seek low price, fast service, and competitive location. Total covers the urban, convenience oriented market segment where customers seek higher product assortment, high performance gas, feelings of spaciousness and full range car services. So far, I think total is doing a great job identifying and appealing market segments. Yes, some segments have failed; the rural, convenience-oriented market, which would have brought less competition and raise revenues.

Flowering Judas versus Winter Dreams

Flowering Judas versus Winter Dreams â€Å"Love does not recognize boundaries and it can happen between two people of different social backgrounds (Baym, 2007).† It is on a sad note that love is thought to be bringing joy to the parties concerned but brings misery and heartaches, it hurts that betrayal is often the ghost that haunts it.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Flowering Judas versus Winter Dreams specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While both of these short stories, that is, Flowering Judas by Katherine Ann Porter and Winter Dreams by F. Scott Fitzgerald seek to revolve around and explain the meaning of love and the mystery surrounding it, both take on it in sweet and bitter contexts as revealed by both authors as both stories unfold (Baym, 2007). More often than not, love seems to hurt the two parties involved, the aftermath is not always what is anticipated for but all the same, the scars should make memories to help one not make the same mistakes again (Baym, 2007). In both stories we realize that there is an inclusion of love as both stories unfold. In Flowering Judas, Porter brings to our attention the love that exists between the two main characters, Laura and Braggioni, on the other hand, Fitzgerald, in Winter Dreams brings to us the love between Judy Jones and Dexter Green. In the latter, Dexter (Baym, 2007) is portrayed as loving Judy Jones regardless of her insatiable appetite for men, there is a string of men following her, whom she does change every other few weeks, but regardless of this, Dexter goes ahead to love her and even after Judy leaves him and comes back, he breaks his engagement to Irene Scheerer just to be with her again. Dexter is portrayed as a victim of his own fantasies that cannot be a reality at all, seen through the way he searches for love and happiness because he is exclusively focused on his love for Judy Jones but on the other hand Judy Jones in her self serving attitude, is never ser ious with her love for him, Dexter is merely blinded by her beauty such that he can not fully divorce himself from the attachment he has for her. In Flowering Judas, Porter brings to our attention the love that exists between the two main characters, Laura and Braggion. Braggioni, the corrupt revolutionary leader’s advances for Laura are seen through conversation and song, but through her thoughts we see Laura’s distaste for Braggioni as well as other men’s attempts to win her love.Advertising Looking for essay on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More We see a sense of betrayal of love in both cases, from Judy Jones side towards Dexter Green and From Laura towards Braggioni. The kind of love that is seen given by the two men in these two stories is therefore not reciprocated, the women are so distance from them both (Baym, 2007). On the other hand, the point of contrast of the t wo short stories, is the fact that, in the case of Dexter Green and Judy Jones, their love is based on obsession, Dexter seemingly is so obsessed with Judy Jones, and that these two characters have come a long way because Dexter knew Judy Jones when he was about fourteen years old, but on the other hand, Fitzgerald brings fourth characters who have met in their later years, that the love between the two characters just came up when both of them were grown up (Baym, 2007). On the other hand, while Fitzgerald puts focus on characters of different social backgrounds, now that Dexter Green came from a kind of middle class family, Judy Jones comes from an extremely rich background, that is as far as their childhood is concerned. In Flowering Judas, we encounter the two characters that are the center of focus, coming from different physical and geographical regions but now meeting in Mexico (Baym, 2007). Reference Baym, N. (2007). The Norton Anthology of American Literature. New York. W. W. Norton Company. Volume D. 7th Edition

Zimbabwe and Global Health Care Systems Assignment

Zimbabwe and Global Health Care Systems - Assignment Example From this research, it is clear that the World Health Organization (WHO) identifies that a functional health care system anywhere in the world is primary to the achievement of universal coverage of health care. Global Healthcare system refers to the various framework that countries anchor their health care. It covers three critical issues that include access to quality health care, a role of government policies in health care financing and national and global health care concerns. In the wake of 2000, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Primary Health Care (PHC) package provided a bearing to the desired health care needs. According to United Nations Declaration 2012 Report, it identified that despite increased emphasis on universal health care access, many developing countries continue to have high mortality rates. During the study that informed the declaration, it was noted that 75 countries mainly from developing countries accounted for 95% of morbidity and mortality. Notab ly, maternal and neonatal mortality were at unprecedented levels. Zimbabwe was one of the nations in Africa that continue to face myriad health care challenges that led to high mortality rates. Campbell identifies that the recent analyses have drawn attention to the weakness of health care systems. Delivery of health care at community and in hospitals in any country is influenced how the country's health department organizes care framework. In response to health care system deficiencies, a number of countries have embarked on focusing on three important components of an ideal health care system.

Bilingual Education - Does bilingual education only go to further the Research Paper

Bilingual Education - Does bilingual education only go to further the isolation of ESL students - Research Paper Example However, teaching and use of English was faced some challenges since English is not the first language of everybody across the world. Hence, bilingual education, programs that provide support to students with limited English proficiency was introduced. Some of these programs teach academic subjects in the student’s home language while also requiring language-minority students to take classes English as a second language (ESL). Other programs aim at teaching English to language-minority students by immersing them in English-only classes. It is believed that ESL students have been isolated from those who English is their first language. Consequently, this has led to the question on whether bilingual education only go to further the isolation of ESL students. This paper is therefore aimed at determining whether bilingual education only go to further the isolation of ESL students or not. Bilingual education refers to the programs that offer support to students with limited English proficiency. Students are taught in their home language in these programs while also needing language-minority students to take classes in English as a second language (ESL). Other programs aim at teaching English to language-minority students by immersing them in English only classes. Others are dual-language programs that aim for fluency in two languages such as English and Spanish. These main approaches have numerous variations and their combination might be used by districts and schools (Ramà ­rez et al., 1991). Hence, when people argue about effectiveness or ineffectiveness of bilingual education, they could be discussing various forms of bilingual education. Nevertheless, in public debate, bilingual education normally refers to transition bilingual education which offers native-language instruction to non-English-speaking learners in their preparation of their ultimate learning of E nglish in mainstream